Unit 5

1. Ummayad-Al-Andalus was ruled by an emir or governor, under the Ummayad Caliphate of Damascus.
2. Caliphate of Damascus-Al-Andalus was ruled by an emir or governor, under the Ummayad Caliphate of Damascus.
3. Caliphate of Cordoba-In 756, Abderraman became Emir of Córdoba.
4. Al-Andalus-Were the name for the territories of the Musulmans
5. Jews-The Jews played a significant role in the economy.
6. Emirate-In 750, the Ummayad family was assassinated, buy one of its members, Abd-al-Rahman, managed to escape. He reached the Iberian Peninsula, where he took power.
   
7. Emir-In 756, he became Emir of Córdoba with the name Abd-al-Rahman I.
8. Walis-or governors, controlled the provinces.
9. Visir-The Caliph governed with the visirs, or ministers.
10. Hayib-The Caliph governed with the hayib.
11. Raids-Al-Mansur carried out more than fifty raids against the Christian kingdoms in the north.
12. Taifas-The Caliphate was divided into taifas, or small kingdoms, such as Seville, Toledo, Badajoz and Zaragoza.
13. Parias-The taifas were constantly attacked by Christians from the north. To avoid attack, the taifas paid taxes called parias to the Christian hands.
14. Almoravids-Went to Iberia to stop the Christian advance. They reunited Al-Andalus.
15. Almohads-Continued the fight against the Christians Kingdoms.
16. Battle of Navas de Tolosa-In 1212 the Christian kingdoms defeated the Almohads.
17. Nasrid Kingdom-Became the last Muslim territory on the Iberian Peninsula.
18. Dinar- different coins were mainly used in these transactions:the gold dinar.
19. Dirhem-Different coins were mainly used in these transactions:the silver dirhem.
20. Arabs-Had the best land, and were in charge of government.
21. Berbers-Were more numerous, but had fewer privileges. They sometimes rebelled.
22. Muladies-Were former Christians who adopted the religion, language and customs of Islam.
23. Mozarabs-Were Christians who continued to practise their religion.
24. Medina-Or old city, which contained the most important buildings.
25. Aljama-Or main mosque.
26. Mosque-Or the aljama.
27. Arrabales- Around the medina there were the arrabales.
28. Alcázar-The centre of political life was the alcázar.
29. Souk-Social and economic life was centred on the souk.
30. Alhóndigas-The merchants kept their goods in large warehouses, known as alhóndigas.
31. Averroes-Some outstanding intellectuals, such as the Muslim Averroes.
32. Maimonides-Some outstandig intellectuals, such as the Jew Maimonides.
33. Horseshoe arches-Islamic buildings were supported by columns, pillars and horseshoe arches, or arches with decorative plasterwork.
34. Plasterwork-The Islamic buildings were supported by columns, pillars and horseshoe arches, or arches with decorative plasterwork.